When designing and maintaining a reliable security or access control system, the cables you choose are just as necessary as the devices you set up. These cables form the backbone of your system, ensuring that power and data flow seamlessly between components like credential readers, door locks, and control panels.

Selecting the right cables ensures system performance, reliability, and longevity. We understand how crucial it is to make the right security and access control cabling decisions.

We explore best practices for selecting security and access control cables, focusing on enhancing system efficiency and reliability.

Understanding Security and Access Control Cables

Cables are the lifeline of security and access control systems. Even the most advanced security system will only function properly with the right cables. Security and access wiring transmit data and power and connect system components like sensors, locks, and control panels. Selecting the correct type of cable makes a big difference in system performance. Here's a quick breakdown of some commonly used cables.

• Cat 5 or Cat 6 cables are often used for network connections, particularly in IP-based security and access control systems.
• 22-gauge shielded cables are used for devices like credential readers, which require protection against electromagnetic interference (EMI).
• 18-gauge cables are typically used to power devices that need consistent, reliable power, such as magnetic locks (maglocks).

The choice of cable largely depends on the specific components and functions of your security or access control system. Using the wrong type or gauge can lead to poor signal quality, power issues, and system failure.

Choosing the Right Cable for Specific Components

Different components of an access control system have unique cabling requirements. Selecting the correct cable type for each element allows the system to operate smoothly without interruption. Let's look at some standard system components and their cable requirements.

• Credential Readers: Credential readers often require shielded cables (e.g., 22 AWG) to prevent interference that could compromise the integrity of data transmission. Shielded cables help data, such as access credentials, be securely transmitted without disruption.
• Maglocks: Magnetic locks rely on consistent power delivery, which requires the correct cable gauge—typically 18 AWG or larger, depending on the distance. A voltage drop can affect the lock's performance if the cable gauge is too small for the distance.
• Electric Strikes and Egress Devices: These components typically need 2-conductor or 4-conductor cables to handle both power and signal transmission. Using cables with more conductors for more extensive projects can streamline the setup and reduce the number of cable runs needed.

Choosing the correct gauge and conductor type for each system component will prevent performance issues, especially over longer cable runs, where signal degradation or voltage drop can become problematic.

The Importance of Plenum-Rated Cables

One of the most critical factors in cable selection is compliance with fire safety standards. In commercial buildings, many security and access control systems are set up in plenum spaces, which are used for air circulation, such as above ceilings or below raised floors. Cables used in these spaces need to be plenum-rated, limiting the spread of fire and emitting minimal smoke.

Using non-plenum-rated cables in plenum spaces violates building codes and creates a safety hazard in the event of a fire. Plenum-rated cables are specifically engineered to meet fire safety standards, making them essential for any plenum space project.

• UL 910 is the safety standard governing plenum-rated cables, ensuring they pass strict tests for flame resistance and smoke emission.
• Choosing plenum-rated cables offers compliance with fire codes and reduces liability for building owners and contractors alike.

Using the incorrect cable type in a plenum space can result in code violations and expensive rework, so verifying whether your project requires plenum-rated cables from the outset is crucial.

Managing Access Control Wiring for Optimal Efficiency

Proper cable management is critical to maintaining system reliability. Poorly managed cables can lead to signal interference, physical damage, or system failure. Here are some best practices for ensuring your wiring access control is organized and efficient.

1. Separate Low-Voltage and High-Voltage Cables: Running low-voltage access cables too close to high-voltage power lines can cause signal interference. Keep them separated so your system's data signals remain clear and reliable.
2. Support Cables Properly: Cables should be adequately supported along their runs to prevent sagging or damage. Cable trays and conduits can help keep them secure and organized.
3. Avoid Sharp Bends: Bending cables too sharply can damage the internal conductors, causing signal loss or physical damage over time. Follow manufacturer recommendations for bend radius, allowing for signal integrity.
4. Secure Cables Properly: Use appropriate fasteners to secure cables. Loose cables can shift over time, leading to wear and tear. Securing them also prevents damage from movement or contact with rough surfaces.

By following these techniques, your access control system can run smoothly and efficiently without the risk of interference or damage.

Selecting Composite Cables for Complex Systems

Composite cables can simplify setups and improve efficiency for large and complex access control systems. They combine multiple types of wiring into one jacket, allowing you to transmit power, data, and control signals all through a single cable.

Using composite cables offers several key benefits.

• Streamlined Setup: Fewer cable runs mean a faster setup, reducing labor time and the number of materials needed.
• Reduced Material Waste: With composite cables, fewer separate cables are required, reducing excess material waste.
• Improved System Reliability: Composite cables reduce the clutter of multiple cable runs, making the system easier to manage and less prone to failure due to tangled or overcrowded wiring.

In access control systems, composite cables are ideal for managing complex projects with multiple data and power requirements, making them a practical choice for large facilities.

Avoiding Common Access Control Composite Cable Mistakes

Even with careful planning, mistakes can happen during the cable selection or setup. Here are some of the most common wiring mistakes to avoid.

1. Using the Wrong Cable Type: It is essential to choose the correct cable for each system component. For instance, using a standard power cable where a data cable is needed can lead to signal loss and performance issues.
2. Improper Cable Protection: Failing to protect cables from environmental factors such as moisture, temperature extremes, or physical wear can shorten the lifespan of your system. Make sure cables are protected using conduits, weatherproofing, and other safeguards appropriate for the environment.
3. Not Following Wiring Diagrams: Incorrect or outdated wiring diagrams can lead to setup errors. Always double-check that you're working with the correct plans and that all components are wired according to specifications.

Avoiding these common mistakes allows your access control system to remain reliable and perform as intended for the long term.

Selecting The Right Cables

Selecting the right cables for your security and access control system ensures its performance and longevity. If you understand the role of different cables in your system, these guidelines will help you make informed decisions that improve the reliability and efficiency of your setup.

At Windy City Wire, we offer a wide range of high-quality security and access control cables designed to meet the needs of any project. Whether you need plenum-rated cables for safety compliance or composite cables for a streamlined setup, we have the right solutions. Visit our resource center or contact us to learn more about how we can support your next project.